IRIS

Lead and compounds (inorganic)

Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF) (15 pp, 128 K) Last Updated: 07/08/2004
Information reviewed but value not estimated.

Weight of Evidence for Cancer (PDF) (15 pp, 128 K) Last Updated: 09/26/1988

WOE Characterization	Framework for WOE Characterization
B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals)	Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986)

Basis:

Sufficient animal evidence. Ten rat bioassays and one mouse assay have shown statistically significant increases in renal tumors with dietary and subcutaneous exposure to several soluble lead salts. Animal assays provide reproducible results in several laboratories, in multiple rat strains with some evidence of multiple tumor sites. Short term studies show that lead affects gene expression. Human evidence is inadequate.
This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative.

Not assessed under the IRIS Program.

Not assessed under the IRIS Program.

Additional EPA toxicity information may be available by visiting the following sites:

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP). This database provides human health benchmarks for pesticides that may be present in drinking water.
Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search. This database provides links to health effects information and registration status for pesticides.
Chemistry Dashboard. This database provides information on chemical structures, experimental and predicted physicochemical, and toxicity data.

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