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Citation
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HERO ID
90587
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen
Author(s)
Mavon, A; Miquel, C; Lejeune, O; Payre, B; Moretto, P
Year
2007
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
ISSN:
1660-5527
EISSN:
1660-5535
Volume
20
Issue
1
Page Numbers
10-20
Language
English
PMID
17035717
DOI
10.1159/000096167
Web of Science Id
WOS:000242847500003
URL
http://
://WOS:000242847500003
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Abstract
Sunscreens, whose main function is to protect the skin against the harmful effects of solar irradiation, should remain at the skin surface or impregnate the first layers of the stratum corneum only and not penetrate into the underlying living tissue. The goal of this work was to assess the penetration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and methylene bis-benzotriazoyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), included in a broad-spectrum sunscreen formulation, into human skin in vivo, using the tape stripping method, and in vitro, using a compartmental approach. An additional objective was to propose an easy and minimally invasive approach to determining the percutaneous uptake of sunscreens following topical application. TiO2 and MBBT were quantified using colorimetric assay and HPLC analysis, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy and particle-induced X-ray emission techniques were used to localize the TiO2 in skin sections.More than 90% of both sunscreens was recovered in the first 15 tape strippings. In addition we have shown that the remaining 10% did not penetrate the viable tissue, but was localized in the furrows and in the opened infundibulum. Less than 0.1% of MBBT was detected in the receptor medium, and no TiO2 was detected in the follicle, viable epidermis or dermis. Thus, this in vivo and in vitro penetration study showed an absence of TiO2 penetration into the viable skin layers through either transcorneal or transfollicular pathways and negligible transcutaneous absorption of MBBT. However, differences in distribution within the stratum corneum reinforced the need for a complementary approach, using minimally invasive in vivo methodology and in vitro compartmental analysis.This combination represents a well-adapted method for testing the safety of topically applied sunscreen formulations in real-life conditions.
Keywords
Titanium dioxide; Tinosorb M; Tape stripping; Skin absorption; Electron microscopy; Particle-induced X-ray emission
Tags
•
Nanoscale Carbon
All References Cited
Peer Reviewed Draft
Exposure, Uptake, and Dose
Priority Area: Ch. 4 and Appendix E
Final Case Study
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