US EPA

625962 

Journal Article 

In vitro system for detecting nongenotoxic carcinogens 

Dertinger, SD; Torous, DK; Tometsko, AM 

1993 

Yes 

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
ISSN: 0893-6692
EISSN: 1098-2280 

EMIC/90849 

21 

4 

332-338 

English 

8491212 

10.1002/em.2850210404 

Chemical risk assessment has been limited by the inability of in vitro short-term assays to identify the true carcinogenic potential of many substances. Numerous methods exist for identifying mutagenic and clastogenic agents, but a practical means of identifying nongenotoxic carcinogens has remained elusive. Experiments described here suggest that some chemicals may participate in carcinogenesis by modulating the enzymatic processes of drug metabolism. The tumor promoters butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, deoxycholic acid, reserpine, trypan blue, and 12,-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate were chosen as model non-genotoxic carcinogens. The enzyme-modulating action of these chemicals was measured using a modified Ames plate incorporation assay whereby the known tumor promoters were plated with a promutagen in the presence of a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9). Each of the nongenotoxic carcinogens significantly increased the mutagenic response of metabolically activated promutagen(s). These experiments suggest that the carcinogenic role of some chemicals may be attributed to their ability to modify the biochemical pathways of drug metabolism. By enhancing or inhibiting the activity of various enzymes, some tumor promoters may create an environment that increases a cell's mutational burden, thereby contributing to neoplastic transformation. 

carcinogenic risk; tumor promotion; Salmonella typhimurium; Ames test; metabolic activation