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Citation
Tags
HERO ID
625045
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
Metabolism and molecular toxicology of isoprene
Author(s)
Watson, WP; Cottrell, L; Zhang, D; Golding, BT
Year
2001
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Chemico-Biological Interactions
ISSN:
0009-2797
EISSN:
1872-7786
Book Title
Chem Biol Interact. 2001, Jun 01; 135-136:223-38. [Chemico-biological interactions]
Volume
135-136
Page Numbers
223-238
Language
English
PMID
11397393
DOI
10.1016/S0009-2797(01)00192-2
Web of Science Id
WOS:000170881000017
URL
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009279701001922
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Abstract
Isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) is a large-scale petrochemical used principally in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers. It is also produced by plants and trees and is the major endogenous hydrocarbon formed by mammals, probably from mevalonic acid. Isoprene is metabolised by mammals in processes that involve epoxidation by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases to the isomeric mono-epoxides, (1-methylethenyl)-oxirane and 2-ethenyl-2-methyloxirane. Further metabolism of the mono-epoxides to mutagenic isoprene di-epoxides, (2, 2')-2-methylbioxiranes, can also occur. The oxidations to the mono- and di-epoxides occur enantioselectively and diastereoselectively. The mono-epoxides are hydrolysed enantioselectively to vicinal diols under catalysis by epoxide hydrolase. 2-Ethenyl-2-methyloxirane is also readily hydrolysed non-enzymatically. Because of the stereochemical possibilities for metabolites, the metabolism of isoprene is complex. The metabolism of isoprene by liver microsomes in vitro from a range of species including rat, mouse and human shows significant differences between species, strains and gender in respect of the diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of the metabolic oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. The impact of the extra methyl in isoprene on di-epoxide reactivity also appears to be critically important for the resulting biological effects. Isoprene di-epoxides may exhibit a lower cross-linking potential in vivo compared to butadiene di-epoxides. Differences in metabolism and reactivity of metabolites may be factors contributing to the significant differences in toxicological response to isoprene observed between species.
Keywords
Isoprene; Isoprene di-epoxide; Isoprene mono-epoxide; Metabolism
Tags
IRIS
•
Chloroprene
Cited 2009 Draft
Cited 2010 Final
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