Draft Dioxin Reassessment

Draft Exposure and Human Health Reassessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds

You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.

Part I: Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds

• Volume 1: (This was to be an Executive Summary but was eliminated. Volume 2 became Volume 1 in subsequent drafts see NAS Review Draft, 2003)
• Volume 2: Sources of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States (PDF, 23 pp., 176 KB)
  • Chapter   1 :Background and Summary (PDF, 54 pp., 871 KB)
  • Chapter   2: Mechanisms of Formation of Dioxin-Like Compounds During Combustion of Organic Materials (PDF, 38 pp., 123 KB)
  • Chapter   3: Combustion Sources of CDD/CDF: Waste Incineration  (PDF, 86 pp., 700 KB)
  • Chapter   4: Combustion Sources of CDD/CDF: Power/Energy Generation (PDF, 62 pp., 630 KB)
  • Chapter   5: Combustion Sources of CDD/CDF: Other High Temperature Sources (PDF, 42 pp., 414 KB)
  • Chapter   6: Combustion Sources of CDD/CDF: Minimally Controlled and Uncontrolled Combustion Sources (PDF, 24 pp., 66 KB)
  • Chapter   7: Metal Smelting and Refining Sources of CDD/CDF (PDF, 45 pp., 325 KB)
  • Chapter   8: Chemical Manufacturing and Processing Sources (PDF, 92 pp., 695 KB)
  • Chapter   9: Biological Sources of CDD/CDF (PDF, 7 pp., 29 KB)
  • Chapter 10: Photochemical Sources of CDD/CDF (PDF, 7 pp., 21 KB)
  • Chapter 11: Sources of Dioxin-Like PCBs (PDF, 52 pp., 154 KB)
  • Chapter 12: Reservoir Sources of CDD/CDF and Dioxin-Like PCBs (PDF, 34 pp., 246 KB)
  • Chapter 13: Ball Clay  (PDF, 8 pp., 30 KB)
  • References (PDF, 62 pp., 143 KB)
• Volume 3: Properties, Environmental Levels, and Background Exposures  (PDF, 14 pp., 142 KB)
  • Chapter 1: Introduction  (PDF, 12 pp., 47 KB)
  • Chapter 2: Physical and Chemical Properties and Fate (PDF, 110 pp., 503 KB)
  • Chapter 3: Levels of CDD, CDF, and PCB Congeners in Environmental Media and Food  (PDF, 195 pp., 521 KB)
  • Chapter 4: Human Exposure to CDD, CDF, and PCB Congeners (PDF, 144 pp., 910 KB)
  • Chapter 5: Potentially Elevated Exposures  (PDF, 58 pp., 218 KB)
  • Chapter 6: Temporal Trends  (PDF, 43pp., 192 KB)
  • Appendix A  (PDF, 20 pp., 69 KB)
  • Appendix B  (PDF, 281 pp., 999 KB)
• Volume 4: Site-Specific Assessment Procedures (PDF, 15 pp., 222 KB)
• Chapter 1: Introduction (PDF, 15 pp., 174 KB)
• Chapter 2: Estimating Exposure and Risks (PDF, 35 pp., 195 KB)
• Chapter 3: Evaluating Atmospheric Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds From Combustion Sources (PDF, 83 pp., 382 KB)
• Chapter 4: Estimating Exposure Media Concentrations (PDF, 149 pp., 854 KB)
• Chapter 5: Demonstration of Methodology (PDF, 45 pp., 248 KB)
• Chapter 6: User Considerations (PDF, 72 pp., 606 KB)
• Chapter 7: Model Comparisons and Model Validations (PDF, 169 pp., 1.3 MB)
• Chapter 8: Uncertainty (PDF, 54 pp., 283 KB)

Part II: Health Assessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds  (PDF, 17 pp., 142 KB)

• Chapter 1: Disposition and Pharmacokinetics  (PDF, 112 pp., 314 KB)
• Chapter 2: Mechanism(s) of Action  (PDF, 46 pp., 145 KB)
• Chapter 3: Acute, Subchronic, and Chronic Toxicity  (PDF, 58 pp., 162 KB)
• Chapter 4: Immunotoxicity  (PDF, 54 pp., 267 KB)
• Chapter 5: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity  (PDF, 134 pp., 372 KB)
• Chapter 6: Carcinogenicity of TCDD in Animals  (PDF, 64 pp., 212 KB)
• Chapter 7: Epidemiology/ Human Data
• Part A: Cancer Effects (PDF, 103 pp., 257 KB)
• Part B: Effects Other than Cancer (PDF, 209 pp., 570 KB)
• Chapter 8: Dose-Response Modeling for 2,3,7,8-TCDD  (PDF, 115 pp., 373 KB)
• Chapter 9: Toxicity Equivalence Factors (TEF) for Dioxin and Related Compounds (PDF, 49 pp., 185 KB)

Part III: Dioxin: Draft Integrated Summary and Risk Characterization for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds.