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This image is a drawing of a caddisfly larva in its case. Caddisflies are aquatic insects that are used by biologists to monitor the environmental quality of streams.

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Basic Information

Printing CADDIS

Authors, Contributors and Reviewers

- Using the Step-by-Step Guide
- Guide Overview
- Fundamentals of Causal Analysis

- Step 1: Define the Case

1.1. Overview

1.2. In-Depth Look

1.3. Results and Next Steps

- Step 2: List Candidate Causes

2.1. Overview

2.2. In-Depth Look

2.3. Results and Next Steps

- Step 3: Evaluate Data from the Case

3.1. Overview

3.2. In-Depth Look

3.2.1. Spatial/Temporal Co-occurrence

3.2.2. Evidence of Exposure or Biological Mechanism

3.2.3. Causal Pathway

3.2.4. Stressor-Response Relationships from the Field

3.2.5. Manipulation of Exposure

3.2.6. Laboratory Tests of Site Media

3.2.7. Temporal Sequence

3.2.8. Verified Predictions

3.2.9. Symptoms

3.3. Results and Next Steps

- Step 4: Evaluate Data from Elsewhere

4.1. Overview

4.2. In-Depth Look

4.2.1. Stressor-Response Relationships from Other Field Studies

4.2.2. Stressor-Response Relationships from Laboratory Studies

4.2.3. Stressor-Response Relationships from Ecological Simulation Models

4.2.4. Mechanistically Plausible Cause

4.2.5. Manipulation of Exposure at Other Sites

4.2.6. Analogous Stressors

4.3. Results and Next Steps

- Step 5: Identify Probable Cause

5.1. Overview

5.2. Weigh Evidence for Each Cause

5.2.1. Consistency of Evidence

5.2.2. Explanation of the Evidence

5.3. Compare Evidence Among Causes

5.4. Complete Causal Analysis

- Supplemental Pages

Additional Illustrations of Spatial/Temporal Co-occurrence

Annotated Conceptual Model

Biological Assessment and Biocriteria

Characteristics of Causal Relationships Supported by Different Types of Evidence

Diagnosing Causes: Background

Eliminating Improbable Causes: Background

Example Stressor-Response Relationships

Iteration Options

Listing Multiple Stressors as Candidate Causes

Lists of Stressors from Monitoring Studies

Long Creek Conceptual Model

Quantifying Uncertainty in Causal Analysis

Revisiting the Impairment in the Case of DDT

Scoring the Evidence: Background

Standard List of Candidate Causes Used in Mississippi

Stressors that Can Potentially Cause Biological Impairment

The Role of Stressor Identification in Various Water Management Programs

Tips for Listing Candidate Causes

- Summary Table of Scores

- Summary Tables of Types of Evidence

Examples

- Example Worksheets

Candidate Causes

- Common Candidate Causes

CC.1. Metals

CC.2. Sediments

CC.3. Nutrients

CC.4. Dissolved Oxygen

CC.5. Temperature

CC.6. Ionic Strength

CC.7. Flow Alteration

CC.8. Unspecified Toxic Chemicals

- Interactive Conceptual Models

- Supplemental Pages

Point Sources from Industry

Analyzing Data

- Data Analysis Methods

M.1. Scatter Plots

M.2. Correlation Analysis

M.3. Box Plots

M.4. Conditional Probability Analysis

M.5. Regression Analysis

M.6. Predicting Environmental Conditions From Biological Observations

M.7. Quantile Regression

M.8. Classification and Regression Trees

M.9. Species Sensitivity Distributions

- Fundamentals of Data Analysis

DA.1. Data Sources

DA.2. Assuring Data Quality

DA.3. Matching Data in Space and Time

DA.4. Classifying Sites

DA.5. Normalizing Data

DA.6. Using Statistics Responsibly

DA.7. Extrapolation

DA.8. Organizing Data along Causal Pathways

- Get Data Analysis Tools

SSD Generator
CADStat
Predicting Environmental Conditions from Biological Observations: Technical Details and Programs

Introduction

Using existing taxon-env relationships

Estimating taxon-env relationships from local data

Computing inferences

R Scripts

Information Sources

- Related Links

- Databases

D.1. Conceptual Model Library

D.2. Metals Chronic Concentration-Response Gallery

D.3. Metals Species Sensitivity Distribution Gallery

D.4. Field Stressor-Response Association Gallery

- Glossary

- References

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